Achievements of Muslim Scientists
Muslim Scientists
It should also be kept in mind that during the period of extreme development of Islam, which is the period between the eighth and twelfth centuries AD, that is, the period when scientific development was restricted in the Christian world, the work of study and research in Islamic universities was on a large scale. These were the universities that gave birth to the great Muslim scientists. The Muslim scientists of this era made valuable achievements in the fields of astronomy, mathematics, geometry and medicine. Muslims also played an important role in the transfer of scientific knowledge in Europe and produced a reasonable number of scientists in their own country. Scientific studies in Andalusia (Spain) developed so much that this country came to be called the cradle of scientific progress and revolutionary discoveries, especially in the field of medicine, it gained immense fame.
Instead of emphasizing specialization in a single field, Muslim doctors acquired expertise in several fields including pharmacology, surgery, ophthalmology, gynecology, anatomy, microbiology and hygiene. Al-Hakim Ibn Jaljul (992 AD) of Andalus gained world fame due to his works on herbs and medicinal drugs and the history of medicine. Write. Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi (1231-1162 AD) gained fame due to his knowledge of anatomy. He also corrected the errors found in the prevailing books on human bones. These errors were mostly related to the jaw and breastbones. Al-Baghdadi's book "Al-Afadah Wal-e-Tabaat" was reprinted in 1788 and translated into Latin, German and French languages. His book "Essays on the Senses" was about the performance of the five senses.
Muslim anatomists accurately counted the bones in the human skull and identified the presence of three small bones (mallus, incus and stapes) in the ear. 1037. 980 A.D.) gained the most fame, which is called "AVICENNA" in the West. He got fame in literature, mathematics, geometry, physics, philosophy and logic at an early age. . His fame in these sciences had reached not only in the East but also in the West.
His work "Al-Qunun fi Taba" gained special fame. (It is called "CANON" in the West). It was written in Arabic. It was translated into Latin in the 12th century and was taught as a textbook in schools in Europe until the 17th century. It is a comprehensive treatise on diseases and medicine. Apart from this, he wrote more than 100 books on philosophy and natural sciences. Much of his knowledge, including "Al-Qanun fi al-Tabb" contains medical information that still holds the status of Muslim.
Zakaria Qazvini disproved the erroneous ideas about the heart and mind that have been prevalent since the time of Aristotle. Therefore, he explained such concrete facts about these two most important organs of the body that they I am very close to today's information.
Zakaria Qazwini, Hamdullah al-Mustafi al-Qazwini (1350-1281 AD) and Ibn al-Nafis
Ibn Al-nafis
Zakaria Qazwini, Hamdullah al-Mustafi al-Qazwini (1350-1281 AD) and Ibn al-Nafis laid the foundation of modern medicine. In the 13th and 14th centuries, these scientists identified the intimate connection between the heart and the lungs. He says that "arteries carry oxygenated blood and veins carry deoxygenated blood" and that "mixing of oxygen in the blood takes place inside the lungs" and
also that "back to the heart" The incoming oxygenated blood reaches the brain and other organs of the body through the aorta.
Ali bin Isa (1038 AD) wrote a three-volume book on ophthalmology, the first volume of which is a complete description and explanation of the internal structure of the eye. These three volumes have been translated into Latin and German languages. Muhammad bin Zakaria al-Razi (925.865), Burhan al-Din Nafis (438 AD), Ismail Jarjani (136 AD), Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi (1310. 1236 AD), Mansoor Ibn Muhammad and Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi (Albucasis) are important figures among Muslim scientists who are known in the sciences of medicine and anatomy. Gained popularity due to accessibility.
Muslim scientists made great achievements in many fields besides medicine and anatomy. For example,
Ali bin Isa (1038 AD) wrote a three-volume book on ophthalmology, the first volume of which is a complete description and explanation of the internal structure of the eye. These three volumes have been translated into Latin and German languages. Muhammad bin Zakaria al-Razi (925.865), Burhan al-Din Nafis (438 AD), Ismail Jarjani (136 AD), Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi (1310. 1236 AD), Mansoor Ibn Muhammad and Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi (Albucasis) are important figures among Muslim scientists who are known in the sciences of medicine and anatomy. Gained popularity due to accessibility.
Muslim scientists made great achievements in many fields besides medicine and anatomy. For example,
Al-Biruni.
Al-Biruni
Al-Biruni knew that the earth rotates on its axis. This was about 600 years before Galileo. Likewise, he measured the Earth's axis 700 years before Newton. ALI KUSHCHU was the first scientist of the fifteenth century who made a map of the moon and a region of the moon is named after him. The 9th century mathematician Thabit bin Qara (THEBIT) developed differential statistics several centuries before Newton. DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS) was invented. Batani was a scientist of the 10th century who was the first person to develop the science of trigonometry. Abu Alufa Muhammad al-Bazanjani in differential statistics (a special method of calculation) for the first time "Mamas wa Mamas al-Tamam" (11 ) Introduce "TANGENT/COTANGENT" and "SECANT-COSEANT".
Al-Khwarizmi.
Al-Khawarzmi
Al-Khwarizmi wrote his first book on Algebra in the 9th century. Al-Maghribi invented the famous equation "Pascal's triangle" 600 years before the French mathematician Pascal.
Ibn al-Haytham.
Ibn-Haytham
Ibn al-Haytham (ALHAZEN) was an optician who lived in the 11th century. Roger Bacon and Kepler made great use of his work while Galileo built his telescope with reference to him.
Alkindus:
Al-kindi
Alkindus introduced field physics and theory of relativity 1100 years before Einstein. Shamsuddin discovered germs 400 years before Pasteur.
Ali ibn al-Abbas
Ali ibn al-Abbas, who lived in the 10th century, performed the first cancer surgery.
Ibn al-Jasir
Ibn al-Jasir discovered the causes of leprosy and also discovered the methods of its treatment. Only a few Muslim scientists can be mentioned here. He can rightly be called the founder of science.
When we look at Western civilization, we find that modern science came with faith in God. In the 17th century, which we call the "Age of the Scientific Revolution", there was a large number of scientists who believed in God. Their main goal was to discover the universe created by God and its nature. Scientific institutions established in different countries, such as Britain and France, had announced their determination to get closer to the creator by discovering the hidden mysteries of the universe. This trend continued even in the 18th century. Newton, Kepler, Copernicus, Bacon, Galileo, Pascal, Boyle, Paul and Covier were among the same kind of scientists. These scientists carried out scientific research with the spirit of faith. He researched and researched, which was inspired by the spirit of faith.
The proof of this was the book published in 1802 called "Natural Knowledge" by William Paley, which was organized by "Bridgewater Treatises".
The full name of this book was
The era of scientific revolution in the West
When we look at Western civilization, we find that modern science came with faith in God. In the 17th century, which we call the "Age of the Scientific Revolution", there was a large number of scientists who believed in God. Their main goal was to discover the universe created by God and its nature. Scientific institutions established in different countries, such as Britain and France, had announced their determination to get closer to the creator by discovering the hidden mysteries of the universe. This trend continued even in the 18th century. Newton, Kepler, Copernicus, Bacon, Galileo, Pascal, Boyle, Paul and Covier were among the same kind of scientists. These scientists carried out scientific research with the spirit of faith. He researched and researched, which was inspired by the spirit of faith.
The proof of this was the book published in 1802 called "Natural Knowledge" by William Paley, which was organized by "Bridgewater Treatises".
The full name of this book was
(NATURAL THEOLOGY: EVIDENCES OF THE EXISTENCE AND ATTRIBUTES OF THE DEITY, COLLECTED FROM APPEARANCES OF NATURE).
It is evident from the name of this book that a person can recognize their creator by reflecting on the phenomena of nature. Paley best describes the harmony in the organs of living organisms, emphasizing that such extraordinary designing is impossible without acknowledging the presence of a Creator. In other words, this extraordinary designing of organs and their functions provides irrefutable proof of the existence of a creator and creator.
Using Paley's research work as a model, a letter was written to the nominated members of the "Royal Society of London" instructing them to write and publish 1,000 books on the following subjects. "God's power and wisdom and His benevolent attributes are expressed through His creations. For example, the diversity found in God's creations, the world of plants and minerals, the digestive system of living organisms and then making this food part of their body, bringing forth the arguments of God's creation due to the structure of the human hand and its other abilities. Besides, to examine ancient and modern discoveries in the fields of arts and sciences and the whole of modern literature in these respects.
Many scientists responded to this invitation to study the signs of God's existence. In this way, great great writers came into existence. This series is just one example of the connection and harmony of publications, religion and science. Behind countless scientific studies and investigations before and after this was the desire to understand the universe created by God and thereby realize the infinite powers of its Creator.
It is evident from the name of this book that a person can recognize their creator by reflecting on the phenomena of nature. Paley best describes the harmony in the organs of living organisms, emphasizing that such extraordinary designing is impossible without acknowledging the presence of a Creator. In other words, this extraordinary designing of organs and their functions provides irrefutable proof of the existence of a creator and creator.
Using Paley's research work as a model, a letter was written to the nominated members of the "Royal Society of London" instructing them to write and publish 1,000 books on the following subjects. "God's power and wisdom and His benevolent attributes are expressed through His creations. For example, the diversity found in God's creations, the world of plants and minerals, the digestive system of living organisms and then making this food part of their body, bringing forth the arguments of God's creation due to the structure of the human hand and its other abilities. Besides, to examine ancient and modern discoveries in the fields of arts and sciences and the whole of modern literature in these respects.
Many scientists responded to this invitation to study the signs of God's existence. In this way, great great writers came into existence. This series is just one example of the connection and harmony of publications, religion and science. Behind countless scientific studies and investigations before and after this was the desire to understand the universe created by God and thereby realize the infinite powers of its Creator.
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